مطالعه سیستم ریشه بذری و نابجای ارقام گندم نان و دوروم

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی ساختار ریشه و خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشه­ های بذری و نابجا در گندم­ های نان و دوروم، آزمایشی گلخانه­ ای در پاییز 1392 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ایلام اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 6 رقم گندم نان (سرداری، کراس­سبلان و نستور، پیشتاز، بهار و S83-3)، و 4 رقم دوروم (کرخه و دنا، ساجی و سورا) بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل تعداد ریشه­ های بذری، نابجا (گرهی یا طوقه ای)، مجموع طول ریشه­ ها، طول ریشه­ های بذری، طول ریشه­ های نابجا، طول، مجموع طول آنها، وزن خشک ریشه، حجم ریشه و نسبت ریشه به قسمت­ های هوایی بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان­ دهنده اختلاف معنی­ دار میان ارقام از نظر ساختار ریشه بود. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که ارقام سرداری، کراس­ سبلان و نستور در مقایسه با ارقام پیشتاز، بهار و S83-3 دارای سیستم ریشه­ دهی قوی ­تر بوده و مشاهده گردید که ارقام نان و دوروم نیز تفاوت ­های معنی­ داری از نظر سیستم ریشه ­دهی داشتند. به ­طوری­ که، ساجی در بین ارقام دوروم و کراس ­سبلان در بین ارقام نان از مجموع تعداد ریشه (بذری و نابجا)، مجموع طول ریشه (بذری و نابجا)، وزن خشک ریشه، حجم ریشه و نسبت ریشه به قسمت ­های هوایی بالاتری برخوردار بودند. مقایسات گروهی نشان داد که تعداد و طول ریشه ­های نابجای ارقام نان نسبت به ارقام دوروم از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying Morphological Characteristics of Seminal and Adventitious Root Systems of Durum and Bread Wheat Cultivars

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahim Naseri 1
  • Mehrshad Barari 2
  • Mohammad Javad Zarea 2
  • Kazem Khavazi 3
  • Zahra Tahmasebi 2
1 Ph.D. student in Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Water and Soil Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the root structure  and its morphological characteristics of winter and durum wheat cultivars, an experiment was carried out based on randomized completely design with four replications at faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University during 2013-2014. Experimental treatments consisted of six bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan, Nestor, Pistaz, Bahar and S83-3), four durum wheat cultivars (Karkheh, Dena, Sora and Saji). Traits under study were seminal roots, nodal roots, sub-nodal roots, number of total roots, seminal roots length, nodal and sub-nodal roots, total root lengths, root dry weight, root volume and root to shoot ratio. The results showed significant differences for root structure of bread wheat cultivars (Sardari, Keras Sabalan and Nestor). They had stronger root system than the other bread wheat cultivars.It was also found that Saji from durum and Sabalan cross from bread wheat cultivars had the highest number of total roots (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root length total (seminal, nodal and sub-nodal roots), root volume and root/shoot ratio as compared with the other cultivars under study. Orthogonal contrast for three groups of genotypes indicated that in terms of number and length of nodal roots, bread wheat cultivars showed higher values as compared to durum wheat cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adventitious roots
  • Root dry weight
  • root length
  • root volume
  • Seminal roots

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