اثر تاریخ کاشت زمستانه و محلول پاشی عنصر روی بر برخی صفات کیفی، اسیدهای چرب روغن و عملکرد ارقام بهاره کلزا (Brassica napus L.) در منطقه کرج

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

2 استاد موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

4 استادیاردانشکده کشاورزی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

اثر تاریخ کاشت زمستانه و محلول­پاشی عنصر روی بر عملکرد و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب ارقام بهاره کلزا طی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل‌اسپلت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به مدت دو سال (94-93 و 95-94) در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج مطالعه شد. در این آزمایش عامل تاریخ کاشت زمستانه دارای سه سطح شامل 5ام ،15ام و 25ام اسفندماه و عامل عنصر روی در دو سطح، شامل محلول­پاشی با سولفات روی و عدم کاربرد روی (محلول­ پاشی با آب خالص) به صورت فاکتوریل در کرت­های اصلی و ارقام بهاره شاملRGS003 ,Zafar ,Julius ,Jerry ,Zabol 10  و hyola4815 در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. ‌‌‌نتایج تجزیه مرکب داده­ها نشان داد که اثر سال، تاریخ کاشت، محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی، رقم و اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر صفات کیفی ‌(میزان گلیکوزینولات دانه و اسیدهای چرب)، در سطح 1 درصد معنی‌دار بودند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در ارقام zafar با میانگین 4258 کیلوگرم در هکتار و hyola4815 با میانگین 4192 کیلوگرم در هکتار، در تاریخ کاشت 5 اسفند مشاهده شدند. ‌بیشترین و کمترین درصد اولئیک اسید، به‌ترتیب به ارقام zafar با میانگین 89‏/66 درصد و zabol10  با میانگین 02‏/66 درصد اولئیک اسید تعلق داشتند. ‌همچنین، کمترین میزان گلوکوزینولات دانه در ارقام ‌zafar با میانگین ‌313‏/8 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن خشک کنجاله و hyola4815 با میانگین567‏/8 میلی‌گرم در گرم وزن خشک کنجاله در تاریخ کاشت 5 اسفند به­دست آمدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که با تاخیر در تاریخ کاشت عملکرد دانه، عملکرد روغن، میزان پالمیتیک اسید، لینولئیک اسید و اولئیک اسید روغن دانه کاهش و درصد لینولنیک اسید، اروسیک اسید و میزان گلیکوزینولات دانه به­طور معنی­دار افزایش می­یابند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Winter Planting Date on Qualitative Traits and Yield of Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Cultivars by Using Zinc Spray in Karaj Region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Valipour dastenaei 1
  • Amir Hossein Shiranirad 2
  • Seyed Alireza Valadabadi 3
  • Saeed Seifzadeh 4
  • Hamid Reza Zakerin 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
2 Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan- Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan- Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of winter planting and zinc spraying on yield and yield components of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars, a factorial split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted for two years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016 cropping seasons) at the experimental farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization of Karaj, Iran.. In this experiment, winter plantings with three levels (24th February, 6th, and 16th March) and Zinc factors with two levels, including application of zinc sulfate spray and spray with pure water assigned to main plots and spring cultivars, including RGS003, Zafar, Julius, Jerry, Zabol 10, Hyola 4815 to subplots. The results of combined analyses of data showed that the effect of year, planting date, zinc spray, cultivar and planting date × cultivar interaction effects on qualitative traits (grain glycosinolate content and fatty acid percentages) in different planting dates and cultivars were significant at 1% level of probabilities. According to the results, the highest (66.89%) and lowest (66.02%) oleic acid percentages belonged to zafar and zabol10 cultivars, respectively. Planting dates × cultivar interaction effect on the glucosinolate content indicated that the lowest glucosinolate content produced by Zafar (8.313 mg.g-1) and hyola4815 (8.567 mg.g-1), when they were sown on March 16th. The results of this experiment showed that delayed planting, decreased percentages of palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids of seed oil, while increased percentages of linolenic and erousic acids and glycosinolate contents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fatty acid
  • Rapeseed
  • Winter planting date
  • Zinc

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