اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه برنج (Oryza sativa) رقم طارم هاشمی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
نوراله خیری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
حمیدرضا مبصر
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, برنج, تراکم بذر, خزانه, سن نشا,
چکیده مقاله :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات کمّی برنج رقم طارم هاشمی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1391 در شهرستان آمل، به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. سن نشا در سه سطح (20، 30 و 40 روزه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه (10، 30، 50 و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. بر اساس نتایج این بررسی، اثر سن نشا بر طول پانیکول (خوشه)، تعداد کل پنجه و پنجه های بارور در کپه، درصد دانه پر، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. تیمار میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه فقط بر عملکرد دانه اثرگذار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایش بر ارتفاع بوته، طول ساقه و خوشه، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. با افزایش سن نشا از 20 به 40 روز، از تعداد کل پنجه در کپه، تعداد پنجه های بارور، درصد دانه پر و شاخص برداشت کاسته شده و در مقابل طول پانیکول و تعداد گلچه پوک افزایش یافتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3033 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار به دست آمد و با افزایش میزان بذر مصرفی، از 30 به 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد دانه حدود 15 درصد (2567 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، برای دست یابی به توان عملکردی رقم طارم هاشمی، استفاده از نشاهای 20 روزه و مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار مناسب تر است.
To study the effects of seedling age and seeding rate in nursery on some quantitative traits of rice, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Amol during the 2012 growing season. Seedling ages with three levels (20, 30 and 40 days old) were considered as main plots and seeding rates with four levels (10, 30, 50 and 70 kg.ha-1) as sub-plots. Results showed that the effect of seedling age on panicle length, total tiller number and fertile tillers per hill, percent of furtile and unfurtile florets and harvest index and seeding rates on seed yield were significant. The interaction effects of experimental treatments on plant height, stem and panicle lengths, number of furtile and unfurtile florets and harvest index were also significant. Increasing seedling age from 20 to 40 days, decreased the total tiller number per hill, number of fertile tillers, percent of furtile florets and harvest index, while, they increased panicle length and number of unfilled florets. The highest seed yield (3033 kg.ha-1) was obtained by seeding rate of 30 kg.ha-1. Increasing seeding rates beyond 30 kg.ha-1, decreased the seed yield by 15% (2567 kg.ha-1). Therefore, using 20 days old seedlings and seeding rate of 30 kg.ha-1 in the nursery plots can be recommended to the Tarom Hashemi cultivar to the experimental site.
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