تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سیتوکینین بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) تحت شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
هادی سالک معراجی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران)
افشین توکلی
2
(دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.)
نیازعلی سپهوند
3
(استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران.)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, رقم, تنش, بنزیل‌آمینو پورین, Chenopodium quinoa,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی به عنوان مهم ترین تنش غیرزنده می تواند رشد و نمو و عملکرد گیاهان را کاهش دهد. کینوا گیاهی با ارزش غذایی بالا و متحمل به خشکی است. به منظور بررسی اثر محلول پاشی سیتوکینین بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و عملکرد ارقام کینوا، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396 به صورت طرح اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری مطلوب (4/0- مگاپاسکال) و تنش خشکی (5/1- مگاپاسکال)) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و فاکتورهای فرعی شامل چهار رقم کینوا (Q 26، Q 29، Giza 1 و Red Carina) و محلول پاشی با هورمون سیتوکینین در سه سطح (صفر، 50 و 100 میکرومولار) بودند. تیمار آبیاری و رقم در این بررسی بر تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی اثر معنی داری داشتند. محلول پاشی با سیتوکینین بر تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی، به غیر از طول خوشه اصلی و شاخص سبزینگی، اثر معنی داری داشت. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه با 7/2364 و 8/1701 کیلوگرم در هکتار، به ترتیب در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی به دست آمدند. تنش خشکی سبب کاهش 28 درصدی عملکرد دانه گردید. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در رقم Giza 1 (6/2746 کیلوگرم در هکتار) وRed Carina (7/2589 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سیتوکینین حاصل گردید. محلـول پاشی سیتوکینین بر عملکرد دانه ارقام Q 26 و Q 29 اثر معنی داری نداشت. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده می توان رقم Giza 1 را به عنوان رقمی مناسب جهت کشت در شرایط مطلوب و تنش خشکی مورد توجه قرار داد.
Drought is the most important non-biotic stress which decreases growth and the yield of crop plants. Quinoa is a plant with high nutritional value and drought tolerant. To evaluate the effect of cytokinin foliar application on morphological traits and yield of quinoa cultivars, a split factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted during during 2017 cropping season with four replications at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, the University of Zanjan. Experimental treatments were levels of irrigation (optimal irrigation, with -0.4 MPa and drought stress with -1.5 MPa) as main factor and sub factors were four quinoa cultivars (Q 26, Q 29, Giza1 and Red Carina) and foliar cytokinin with three levels (0, 50 and 100 μM). Irrigation and cultivar treatment had significant effect on all evaluated traits. Foliar application with cytokinin had significant effect on all traits except length of main ear and greeness index (SPAD). The maximum and minimum of grain yield 2364.7 and 1701.8 kg.ha-1, obtained under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions, respectively. Drought stress reduced seed yield by 28 percent. The highest yields obtained by Giza 1 (2746.7 kg.ha-1) and Red Carina (2589.7 kg.ha-1) with the application 100 µm of cytokinin. The foliar application of cytokinin did not affect seed yields of Q 26 and Q 29 cultivars significantly. According to the results, Giza 1 can be recommended as a suitable cultivar under both optimum and drought stress conditions at the experimental site.
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· Ding, Y., Y. Tao, and C. Zhu. 2013. Emerging roles of micro RNAs in the mediation of drought stress response in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany. 64(11): 3077-3086.
· Doustipour, S., M. Barmaki, D. Hassanpanah, and S. Khomari. 2016. Study the effects of synthetic cytokinin on growth and yield of potato cultivares. M.Sc. Dissertation, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Iran. (In Persian).
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· Fahad, S., S. Hussain, A. Bano, S. Saud, S. Hassan, D. Shan, F.A. Khan, F. Khan, Y. Chen, C. Wu, and M.A. Tabassum. 2015. Potential role of phytohormones and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic stresses: consequences for changing environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 22(7): 4907-4921.
· Farooq M., M. Hussain, A. Wahid, and K. Siddique. 2012. Drought stress in plants: an overview. In plant responses to drought stress. Edited by Aroco R. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Germany, 1-33.
· Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D.B.M.A. Fujita, and S.M.A. Basra. 2009. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Sustainable Agriculture. 29(1): 185-212.
· Fiorani, F., and U. Schurr. 2013. Future scenarios for plant phenotyping. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 64: 267–291.
· Gholizadeh, A., M. Saberioon, L. Borůvka, A. Wayayok, and M.A.M. Soom. 2017. Leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen dynamics and their relationship to lowland rice yield for site-specific paddy management. Information Processing in Agriculture. 4(4): 259-268.
· González, J.A., M. Gallardo, M.B. Hilal, M.D. Rosa, and F.E. Prado. 2009. Physiological responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) to drought and waterlogging stresses: dry matter partitioning. Botanical Studies. 50(1): 35–42.
· Gordon, S.P., V.S. Chickarmane, C. Ohno, and E.M. Meyerowitz. 2009. Multiple feedback loops through cytokinin signaling control stem cell number within the Arabidopsis shoot meristem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106(38): 16529-16534.
· Hossain, M.A., S.H. Wani, S. Bhattacharjee, D.J. Burritt, and L.S.P. Tran. 2016. Drought stress tolerance in plants, Volume 1: Physiology and Biochemistry. Springer.
· Hussein, Y., G. Amin, A. Azab, and H. Gahin. 2015. Induction of drought stress resistance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plant by salicylic acid and kinetin. Journal of Plant Sciences. 10(4): 128-141.
· Jacobsen, S.E., F. Liu, and C.R. Jensen. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Scientia Horticulturae. 122(2): 281-287.
· Jaleel, C.A., P. Manivannan, A. Wahid, M. Farooq, H. Al-Juburi, R. Somasundaram, and R. Panneerselvam. 2009. Drought stress in plants: a review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition. International of Journal Agriculture and Biology. 11(1): 100-105.
· Kang, N.Y., C. Cho, N.Y. Kim, and J. Kim. 2012. Cytokinin receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways in the dehydration response of Arabidopsis thaliana. Journal of Plant Physiology. 169(14): 1382-1391.
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