واکنش شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانه‌ای (.Zea mays L) به مصرف عناصر روی و آهن در شرایط قطع آبیاری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
مجتبی افشاری
1
(1- گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
2- گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
احمد نادری
2
(2- گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.
3- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، اهواز، ایران.)
مانی مجدم
3
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
شهرام لک
4
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
مجتبی علوی فاضل
5
(گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, شاخص سطح برگ, فتوسنتز, ریز مغذی,
چکیده مقاله :
این آزمایش با هدف ارزیابی اثر عناصر ریزمغذی بر شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت هیبرید SC704 در شرایط کمبود آب، در دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 و1397-1396 در مزرعه آزمایشی در شمال غرب اهواز اجرا شد. آزمایش به صورت کرت های دوبار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار بود. کرت های اصلی شامل تنش کم ‎آبی در سه سطح آبیاری کامل (شاهد)، قطع آبیاری در مراحل رشد رویشی (14-12 برگی) و ابتدای رشد دانه، کرت های فرعی شامل محلول پاشی سولفات روی در سه غلظت (صفر، 5 و 10 گرم در یک لیتر آب) و کرت های فرعی فرعی شامل محلول پاشی سولفات آهن در سه غلظت (صفر، 3 و 6 گرم در یک لیتر آب) بودند. یافته های این تحقیق نشان داد که افزایش غلظت سولفات روی از صفر به ده در هزار و در مقادیر ثابت کاربرد سولفات آهن (غلظت 6 در هزار) منجر به افزایش شاخص سطح برگ در شرایط کمبود آب در مرحله رشد رویشی و ابتدای مرحله رشد دانه گردید و همچنین کمترین میزان فتوسنتز جاری در شرایط عدم محلول پاشی روی و آهن حاصل گردید. کمترین محتوای دی اکسیدکربن بین سلولی در شرایط قطع آبیاری در ابتدای مرحله رشد دانه به دست آمد که کاربرد سولفات روی و آهن سبب افزایش مقادیر این صفت و رفع محدودیت های فتوسنتزی شد. بیشترین عملکرد بلال در آبیاری کامل با محلول پاشی سولفات آهن با غلظت 6 در هزار (9135/66 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد که نسبت به عدم محلول پاشی در همین سطح آبیاری 25/1 درصد افزایش داشته است.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrients on physiological, biochemical and functional characteristics of the of SC704 hybrid maize at water deficit condition during two cropping years of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Experimental Farm in northwest of Ahvaz. The experiment was conducted as split-split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of water deficit stresses at three levels, complete irrigation, cutoff irrigation both at the vegetative growth stage (12-14 leaf) and early seed growth stage, sub-plots were zinc sulfate foliar application at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 g.L-1) and sub sub-plots foliar solution of iron sulfate at three concentrations (0, 3 and 6 g.L-1). The results of this study showed that increasing ZnSO4 concentration from zero to ten per thousand at constant levels of FeSO4 application (6 per thousand concentrations) resulted in increase in leaf area index under water deficit condition at the vegetative growth stage and beginning of seed growth stage. The lowest current photosynthesis was obtained in the absence of foliar application of zinc and iron. The lowest content of intercellular carbon dioxide was obtained at the beginning of seed growth stage when irrigation was stopped. The use of zinc and iron sulfate increased the values of this trait and removed the photosynthetic limitations. The highest yield of ear was obtained in complete irrigation with 6 per thousand concentration FeSO4 spray (9135.66 kg.ha-1), which increased by 25.1% compared to non-spray at this irrigation level.
Alavi Fazel, M. 2015. Evaluation of remobilization rate of bread and durum wheat genotypes in response to nitrogen levels. Crop Physiology Journal. 7 (28): 18-5. (In Persian).
Amiri Nejad, M., Gh. Akbari, A. Baghi Zadeh, A. Dahdi, M. Shahbazi, and M. Naimi. 2016. Effect of drought stress on agronomic and biochemical properties of three maize hybrids (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (32): 60-45. (In Persian).
Astolfi, S., S. Zuchi, H.M. Hubberten, R. Pinton, and R., Hoefgen. 2010. Supply of sulphur to S-deficient young barley seedlings restores their capability to cope with iron shortage. Journal of Experimental Botany. 61: 799–806.
Bahmeh, F., A. Danesh-Shahraki, Z. Lorigooini, and M. Ghobadinia. 2018. Effect of water deficit stress and seed biopriming on the physiological indices and antioxidant activity of tansey (Tanacetum persicum (Boiss.) Mozaff). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(3): 411-426. (In Persian).
Baybordi, A. 2006. Zhic in soils and crop nutrition. Parivar Press. First Edition. P 179.
Cakir, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89 (1): 1-16.
Campos, H., M. Cooper, J. E. Habben, G.O. Edmeades, and J. R. Schussler. 2004. Improving drought tolerance in maize: a view from industry. Field Crops Research. 90: 19-34.
Chaves, M.M., J.S. Pereira, J.P. Maroco, M.L. Rodrigues, C.P.P. Riccardo, M.L. Osorio, T. Carvalho, T. Faria, and C. Pincheiro. 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Annuals of Botany. 89: 907-916.
Fageria, N.K., F.M.P. Barbosa, A. Moreira, and C.M. Guimaraes. 2009. Foliar fertilization of crop Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32: 1044-1064.
Fanaei, H.R., A. Piri, and M.R. Naruie Rad. 2013. Investigation of the effect of different amounts of phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield, oil and some agronomic traits of mustard under drought stress. Journal of Environmental Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 6 (2): 157-147. (In Persian).
Fathi SaadAbadi, M., and F. Navabi. 2008. Effect of drought stress on yield and its components on four cotton genotypes in Darab region. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 10 (2): 124-110. (In Persian).
Ghaffari Malayeri, M., Gh. Akbari, and A. Mohammadzadeh. 2012. Response of yield and yield components of corn to soil application and foliar application of micronutrients. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research. 10 (2): 373-368. (In Persian).
Golbashy, M., M. Ebrahimi, S. Khavari Khorasani, and R. Choucan. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays ) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(19):2714-2719.
Lack, Sh., A. Naderi, A. Siadat, A. Ayneband, and Gh. Nour Mohammadi. 2007. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on grain yield and its components and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays ) cv. SC. 704 under different moisture conditions in Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 8 (2): 153-170. (In Persian).
Malakouti, M.J., and M.M. Tehrani. 2005. The role of zinc in increasing quantitative and qualitative products and improving community health. Agricultural Education Publication. 194 pages. (In Persian).
Mir, Y., M. Daneshvar, A. Esmaeili, and H. Khosravi. 2021. Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and micronutrients on some biochemical and agronomic. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(3): 363-376. (In Persian).
Nabavi Moghadam, R., M.H. Saberi, and M.H. Siyar. 2013. The effect of soil consumption of iron and manganese on quantitative and qualitative properties of single cross forage corn 704. Journal of Agricultural Crop Production. 15 (2): 86-75. (In Persian).
Nasrollahzadeh Asl, V., M.R. Shiri, S. Moharramnejad, Yousefi, M., and F. Baghbani. 2016. Effect of drought stress on agronomic and biochemical properties of three maize hybrids (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (32): 60-45. (In Persian).
Nouri azhar, J., and P. Ehsanzedeh. 2007. Study of relationship of some gtowth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regim in Esfahan region. Journal of Science and Technology. 41: 261-272.
Palash, M., A. Bafkar, B. Farhadi Bansouleh, and M. Ghobadi. 2021. Effects of deficit irrigation on, quantity, quality characteristics and water productivity in grain maize (KSC 706) in Kermanshah. Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency. 1(1): 68-88. (In Persian).
Peykaristan, B., M. Yarnia, and H. Madani. 2017. Effect of Zn deficiency irrigation and spraying on growth and yield indices of sweet maize cultivars. Crop Physiology Journal. 9 (33): 97-85. (In Persian).
Pirzad, A.R., A.P. Tusi, and R. Darwish. 2013. Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on plant traits and anisone essential oil content. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(1): 23-12. (In Persian).
Raker, J., R.A. Bressan, J.K. Zhu, and H.J. Bohnert. 2013. Physiological bases for yield difference in selected maize cultivars. Centeral America field Crop Research. 42: 69-80.
Rezaverdinejad, V., T. Sohrabi, and A.M. Liaghat. 2006. Study of deficit irrigation effect on corn forage yield at its growth stage. 1th National Congress of Irrigation and Drainage Nets. Ahvaz.
Sarmadnia, Gh., and A. Kouchaki. 2013. Plant physiological. Publications University of Mashhad. 467 pages. (In Persian).
Shafaroodi, A., M. Sharifi, A. Gholipouri, B. Salahi, and M.B Alizadeh. 2021. Effect of deficit irrigation conditions on potato (Solanum tuberosum ) cultivars in ardabil climatic. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 1(57): 131-152. (In Persian).
Sheikh Begloo, N., A. Hassanzadeh Ghurt Tapeh, M.A. Baghestani Meybodi, and B. Zand. 2009. Investigation of the effect of zinc foliar application on the quantitative and qualitative yield of maize under water stress conditions. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2 (2): 73-57. (In Persian).
Song, G.Y., Z.J. Xu, and H.S. Yang. 2013. Effects of N rates on N uptake and yield in erect panicle rice. Agricultural Science. 4: 499–508.
Sorkhi, F., and M. Fateh. 2019. Effect of drought stress on leaf area index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and proline content in two cultivars of lubiachiti (Phaseolus vulgaris). Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Sciences. 12 (2): 389-399.
Zafari, M., A. Ebadi, and S. Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, 2017. Effect of seed inoculation on alfalfa tolerance to water deficit stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 45 (1):82-88.
Zarifinia, N., A. Ayneband, Sh. Lack, and A. Modhej. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of dehydration and potassium consumption on stomatal conductance of mung bean genotypes in the North. Fifth International Conference on Iranian Beans. 597-600.
_||_Alavi Fazel, M. 2015. Evaluation of remobilization rate of bread and durum wheat genotypes in response to nitrogen levels. Crop Physiology Journal. 7 (28): 18-5. (In Persian).
Amiri Nejad, M., Gh. Akbari, A. Baghi Zadeh, A. Dahdi, M. Shahbazi, and M. Naimi. 2016. Effect of drought stress on agronomic and biochemical properties of three maize hybrids (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (32): 60-45. (In Persian).
Astolfi, S., S. Zuchi, H.M. Hubberten, R. Pinton, and R., Hoefgen. 2010. Supply of sulphur to S-deficient young barley seedlings restores their capability to cope with iron shortage. Journal of Experimental Botany. 61: 799–806.
Bahmeh, F., A. Danesh-Shahraki, Z. Lorigooini, and M. Ghobadinia. 2018. Effect of water deficit stress and seed biopriming on the physiological indices and antioxidant activity of tansey (Tanacetum persicum (Boiss.) Mozaff). Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 12(3): 411-426. (In Persian).
Baybordi, A. 2006. Zhic in soils and crop nutrition. Parivar Press. First Edition. P 179.
Cakir, R. 2004. Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research. 89 (1): 1-16.
Campos, H., M. Cooper, J. E. Habben, G.O. Edmeades, and J. R. Schussler. 2004. Improving drought tolerance in maize: a view from industry. Field Crops Research. 90: 19-34.
Chaves, M.M., J.S. Pereira, J.P. Maroco, M.L. Rodrigues, C.P.P. Riccardo, M.L. Osorio, T. Carvalho, T. Faria, and C. Pincheiro. 2002. How plants cope with water stress in the field. Photosynthesis and growth. Annuals of Botany. 89: 907-916.
Fageria, N.K., F.M.P. Barbosa, A. Moreira, and C.M. Guimaraes. 2009. Foliar fertilization of crop Journal of Plant Nutrition. 32: 1044-1064.
Fanaei, H.R., A. Piri, and M.R. Naruie Rad. 2013. Investigation of the effect of different amounts of phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield, oil and some agronomic traits of mustard under drought stress. Journal of Environmental Stress in Agricultural Sciences. 6 (2): 157-147. (In Persian).
Fathi SaadAbadi, M., and F. Navabi. 2008. Effect of drought stress on yield and its components on four cotton genotypes in Darab region. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 10 (2): 124-110. (In Persian).
Ghaffari Malayeri, M., Gh. Akbari, and A. Mohammadzadeh. 2012. Response of yield and yield components of corn to soil application and foliar application of micronutrients. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Research. 10 (2): 373-368. (In Persian).
Golbashy, M., M. Ebrahimi, S. Khavari Khorasani, and R. Choucan. 2010. Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays ) hybrids in Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(19):2714-2719.
Lack, Sh., A. Naderi, A. Siadat, A. Ayneband, and Gh. Nour Mohammadi. 2007. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and plant density on grain yield and its components and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays ) cv. SC. 704 under different moisture conditions in Khuzestan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 8 (2): 153-170. (In Persian).
Malakouti, M.J., and M.M. Tehrani. 2005. The role of zinc in increasing quantitative and qualitative products and improving community health. Agricultural Education Publication. 194 pages. (In Persian).
Mir, Y., M. Daneshvar, A. Esmaeili, and H. Khosravi. 2021. Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and micronutrients on some biochemical and agronomic. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(3): 363-376. (In Persian).
Nabavi Moghadam, R., M.H. Saberi, and M.H. Siyar. 2013. The effect of soil consumption of iron and manganese on quantitative and qualitative properties of single cross forage corn 704. Journal of Agricultural Crop Production. 15 (2): 86-75. (In Persian).
Nasrollahzadeh Asl, V., M.R. Shiri, S. Moharramnejad, Yousefi, M., and F. Baghbani. 2016. Effect of drought stress on agronomic and biochemical properties of three maize hybrids (Zea mays). Crop Physiology Journal. 8 (32): 60-45. (In Persian).
Nouri azhar, J., and P. Ehsanzedeh. 2007. Study of relationship of some gtowth indices and yield of five corn hybrids at two irrigation regim in Esfahan region. Journal of Science and Technology. 41: 261-272.
Palash, M., A. Bafkar, B. Farhadi Bansouleh, and M. Ghobadi. 2021. Effects of deficit irrigation on, quantity, quality characteristics and water productivity in grain maize (KSC 706) in Kermanshah. Advanced Technologies in Water Efficiency. 1(1): 68-88. (In Persian).
Peykaristan, B., M. Yarnia, and H. Madani. 2017. Effect of Zn deficiency irrigation and spraying on growth and yield indices of sweet maize cultivars. Crop Physiology Journal. 9 (33): 97-85. (In Persian).
Pirzad, A.R., A.P. Tusi, and R. Darwish. 2013. Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on plant traits and anisone essential oil content. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 15(1): 23-12. (In Persian).
Raker, J., R.A. Bressan, J.K. Zhu, and H.J. Bohnert. 2013. Physiological bases for yield difference in selected maize cultivars. Centeral America field Crop Research. 42: 69-80.
Rezaverdinejad, V., T. Sohrabi, and A.M. Liaghat. 2006. Study of deficit irrigation effect on corn forage yield at its growth stage. 1th National Congress of Irrigation and Drainage Nets. Ahvaz.
Sarmadnia, Gh., and A. Kouchaki. 2013. Plant physiological. Publications University of Mashhad. 467 pages. (In Persian).
Shafaroodi, A., M. Sharifi, A. Gholipouri, B. Salahi, and M.B Alizadeh. 2021. Effect of deficit irrigation conditions on potato (Solanum tuberosum ) cultivars in ardabil climatic. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 1(57): 131-152. (In Persian).
Sheikh Begloo, N., A. Hassanzadeh Ghurt Tapeh, M.A. Baghestani Meybodi, and B. Zand. 2009. Investigation of the effect of zinc foliar application on the quantitative and qualitative yield of maize under water stress conditions. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2 (2): 73-57. (In Persian).
Song, G.Y., Z.J. Xu, and H.S. Yang. 2013. Effects of N rates on N uptake and yield in erect panicle rice. Agricultural Science. 4: 499–508.
Sorkhi, F., and M. Fateh. 2019. Effect of drought stress on leaf area index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and proline content in two cultivars of lubiachiti (Phaseolus vulgaris). Environmental Stresses in Agricultural Sciences. 12 (2): 389-399.
Zafari, M., A. Ebadi, and S. Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz, 2017. Effect of seed inoculation on alfalfa tolerance to water deficit stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 45 (1):82-88.
Zarifinia, N., A. Ayneband, Sh. Lack, and A. Modhej. 2013. Evaluation of the effect of dehydration and potassium consumption on stomatal conductance of mung bean genotypes in the North. Fifth International Conference on Iranian Beans. 597-600.