ارزیابی واکنش ارقام بهاره کلزا (Brassica napus L.) به تاریخ‌های کاشت تاخیری
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
اسداله زارعی سیاه بیدی
1
(استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
عباس رضایی زاد
2
(دانشیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران)
اشکان عسگری
3
(استادیار گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس و عضو هسته پژوهشی اگرواکولوژی در مناطق خشک، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران)
امیرحسین شیرانی راد
4
(استاد بخش دانه‌های روغنی موسسه تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران)
کلید واژه: عملکرد دانه, ارتفاع بوته, کشت تاخیری, گلدهی,
چکیده مقاله :
واکنش ارقام بهاره کلزا بهتاریخ هایکاشت طی آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی اسلام آباد غرب در سال های 1395-1393 ارزیابی گردید. بدین منظور تاریخ کشت به عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح از 15 مهر ماه لغایت 5 آبان ماه و 11 رقم بهاره کلزا به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. در هر دو سال تاریخ کاشت 5 آبان پس از سبز شدن در اثر سرما و یخبندان از بین رفت و نتایج تجزیه واریانس بر روی دو تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر و 25 مهر انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر عملکرد دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی دار بود. مقایسه میانگین داده ها نشان داد که میانگین عملکرد دانه ارقام در تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر 3738 کیلوگرم و در تاریخ کاشت 25 مهر 2245 کیلوگرم بود. رقم Jerry با عملکرد دانه 4123 کیلوگرم در هکتار در مکان نخست و کمترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم RGS003 با 2464 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تاریخ کاشت 15 مهر مربوط به رقم Jerry با 5079 کیلوگرم در هکتار و کمترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم Hyola 401 با 1794 کیلوگرم در هکتار در تاریخ کاشت 25 مهر مشاهده شد. با توجه به اینکه تاریخ های کاشت 15 و 25 مهر، تاخیری محسوب می شوند و به محدودیت های اقلیمی موجود در این تاریخ ها، برخی ارقام عملکرد مناسبی داشتند که می توان از آنها در شرایط کشت تاخیری بهره گرفت.
Response of sowing date on some agronomic traits of spring canola cultivars was studied by using a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design, during growing seasons of 2014 to 2016 at the research farm of Islamabad Gharb Station, Iran. Planting dates were considered as the main plot in three levels from October 7 to 27 and eleven spring canola cultivars as sub plot. In both years, planting dates of October 27 after emergence due to cold and frost was eliminated and the results of analysis of variance were carried out for two planting dates of October 7 and October 17. The results showed that the effect of planting date was significant on the seed yield. Mean seed yield of cultivars were 3738 kg.ha-1 on October 7th and 2245 kg.ha-1 on October17th, respectively. The cultivar Jerry produced the highest (4123 kg.ha-1) and the RGS003 lowest seed yields (2464 kg.ha-1). On planting date 7th of October, the highest seed yield was related to Jerry cultivar and the lowest seed yield was related to the Hyola 401 cultivar (1794 kg.ha-1) on the 17th of October.
· Angadi, S.V., H.W. Cutforth, P.R. Miller, B.G. Mc Conkey, M.H. Entz, A. Brandt, and K.M. Olkmar. 2000. Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 80: 693-701.
· Anonymous. 2011. Food outlook. Global Market Analysis. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.Food outlook.com.
· Azizi, M., A. Soltani, and S. Khavari khorasani. 2006. Canola. Jehad Daneshgahi Mashhad publications, Mashhad. (In Persian).
· Bagheri, M. 2002. Effect of sowing date and row spacing on early canola cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Tehran. (In Persian).
· Balodis, O., and Z. Gaile. 2016. Sowing date and rate effect on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield components formation. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. 70: 384-392.
· Begna, S.H., and S.V. Angadi. 2016. Effects of planting date on winter canola growth and yield in the southwestern US. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 7: 201-217.
· Beheshti Monfared, B., GH. Noormohamadi, A.H. Shirani Rad, and E. Majidi Hervan. 2020. Effects of sowing date and chitosan on some characters of canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 23 (1): 65-71.
· Dana, G.H. 2017. Evaluating of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of new canola spring cultivars to ecological condition, at winter planting, in Moghan region. M.S.c Thesis.University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil. (In Persian).
· Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed (Brassica napus L.). Field Crops Research. 67: 35-49.
· Fallah Heki, M.H., A.R. Yadavi, M. Movahedi, H.R. Balochi, and H. Faraji. 2012. Effect of planting date on growth and quality characters of four canola cultivars in the Yasouj. Plant Productions. 35(2): 99-113. (In Persian).
· Faraji, A., N. Ltifi, A. Soltani, and A. Shirani rad. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on flower and pod formation in two Canola cultivars at Mediterranean climate. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(4): 343-351.
· Farre. I., M.J. Robertson, G.H. Walton, and S. Asseng. 2002. Simulating phenology and yield response of canola to sowing date in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 53: 1155-1164.
· Ghanizadeh, S., and M. Azizi. 2009. Yield evaluation of cold tolerant spring cultivars of rapeseed in fall and winter sowing dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 7: 563-572. (In Persian).
· Hassanabadi, M., M. Ebrahimi, M. Farajpour, and A. Dejahang. 2019. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products. 140: 11598.
· Kaur, L., and V. Sardana. 2018. Influence of sowing date and nitrogen schedule on growth and productivity of canola oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 63 (2): 250-254.
· Lunn, G.D., J. Spink, H. Stores, D.T. Clare, R.W. Wade, and R.K. Scott. 2001. Canopy management in winter oil seed rape. Project report No. OS 47. Grown Ceraals Authority, London.
· Morrison, M.J., and D.W. Stewart 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop Science. 42:797-803.
· Ozer, H. 2003. The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant, Soil and Environment. 49(9): 422–426.
· Rahnama, A.A., and A.R. Jafar Nejadi. 2009. Determination of the appropriate level of nitrogen at different canola sowing dates in Khuzestan. Plant Productions. 32(1): 53-63. (In Persian).
· Rief, C.L., and H. Zeinali. 2003. Cold tolerance in oilseed rape over varying acclimation durations. Crop Science. 43: 96-100.
· Robertson, M.J., J.F. Holland, and R. Bambach. 2004. Response of canola and Indian Musterd to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 44: 43-52.
· Rodrigues, A., S. Afonso, N. Tipewa, A. Almeida, and M. Arrobas. 2019. Quantification of loss in oilseed rape yield caused by delayed sowing date in a Mediterranean environment. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 65: 1630-1645.
· Shafighi, A.R., M.R. Ardakani, A.H. Shirani Rad, M. Alavi Fazel, and F. Rafiei. 2021. Identification of tolerate rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to drought tolerance indices under late sowing date. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15: 73-90.
· Vaezi, B., H. Hatamzade, H. Narki, and N. Rahmani Moghadam. 2009. Evaluation of seed yield of three Brassica species, B. napus, B. rapaand, B. juncea in warm dryland conditions of Gachsaran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal. 25: 183-194. (In Persian).
Vincze, E. 2017. The effect of sowing date and plant density on yield elements of different winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. napus f. biennis L.) genotypes. Columella. 4: 21-25.
_||_· Angadi, S.V., H.W. Cutforth, P.R. Miller, B.G. Mc Conkey, M.H. Entz, A. Brandt, and K.M. Olkmar. 2000. Response of three Brassica species to high temperature stress during reproductive growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 80: 693-701.
· Anonymous. 2011. Food outlook. Global Market Analysis. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.Food outlook.com.
· Azizi, M., A. Soltani, and S. Khavari khorasani. 2006. Canola. Jehad Daneshgahi Mashhad publications, Mashhad. (In Persian).
· Bagheri, M. 2002. Effect of sowing date and row spacing on early canola cultivars. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Tehran. (In Persian).
· Balodis, O., and Z. Gaile. 2016. Sowing date and rate effect on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield components formation. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. 70: 384-392.
· Begna, S.H., and S.V. Angadi. 2016. Effects of planting date on winter canola growth and yield in the southwestern US. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 7: 201-217.
· Beheshti Monfared, B., GH. Noormohamadi, A.H. Shirani Rad, and E. Majidi Hervan. 2020. Effects of sowing date and chitosan on some characters of canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 23 (1): 65-71.
· Dana, G.H. 2017. Evaluating of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of new canola spring cultivars to ecological condition, at winter planting, in Moghan region. M.S.c Thesis.University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil. (In Persian).
· Diepenbrock, W. 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed (Brassica napus L.). Field Crops Research. 67: 35-49.
· Fallah Heki, M.H., A.R. Yadavi, M. Movahedi, H.R. Balochi, and H. Faraji. 2012. Effect of planting date on growth and quality characters of four canola cultivars in the Yasouj. Plant Productions. 35(2): 99-113. (In Persian).
· Faraji, A., N. Ltifi, A. Soltani, and A. Shirani rad. 2008. Effect of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on flower and pod formation in two Canola cultivars at Mediterranean climate. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences. 7(4): 343-351.
· Farre. I., M.J. Robertson, G.H. Walton, and S. Asseng. 2002. Simulating phenology and yield response of canola to sowing date in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 53: 1155-1164.
· Ghanizadeh, S., and M. Azizi. 2009. Yield evaluation of cold tolerant spring cultivars of rapeseed in fall and winter sowing dates. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science. 7: 563-572. (In Persian).
· Hassanabadi, M., M. Ebrahimi, M. Farajpour, and A. Dejahang. 2019. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Industrial Crops and Products. 140: 11598.
· Kaur, L., and V. Sardana. 2018. Influence of sowing date and nitrogen schedule on growth and productivity of canola oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 63 (2): 250-254.
· Lunn, G.D., J. Spink, H. Stores, D.T. Clare, R.W. Wade, and R.K. Scott. 2001. Canopy management in winter oil seed rape. Project report No. OS 47. Grown Ceraals Authority, London.
· Morrison, M.J., and D.W. Stewart 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop Science. 42:797-803.
· Ozer, H. 2003. The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant, Soil and Environment. 49(9): 422–426.
· Rahnama, A.A., and A.R. Jafar Nejadi. 2009. Determination of the appropriate level of nitrogen at different canola sowing dates in Khuzestan. Plant Productions. 32(1): 53-63. (In Persian).
· Rief, C.L., and H. Zeinali. 2003. Cold tolerance in oilseed rape over varying acclimation durations. Crop Science. 43: 96-100.
· Robertson, M.J., J.F. Holland, and R. Bambach. 2004. Response of canola and Indian Musterd to sowing date in the grain belt of north-eastern Australia. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 44: 43-52.
· Rodrigues, A., S. Afonso, N. Tipewa, A. Almeida, and M. Arrobas. 2019. Quantification of loss in oilseed rape yield caused by delayed sowing date in a Mediterranean environment. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science. 65: 1630-1645.
· Shafighi, A.R., M.R. Ardakani, A.H. Shirani Rad, M. Alavi Fazel, and F. Rafiei. 2021. Identification of tolerate rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to drought tolerance indices under late sowing date. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15: 73-90.
· Vaezi, B., H. Hatamzade, H. Narki, and N. Rahmani Moghadam. 2009. Evaluation of seed yield of three Brassica species, B. napus, B. rapaand, B. juncea in warm dryland conditions of Gachsaran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal. 25: 183-194. (In Persian).